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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF, CUMED | ID: biblio-1508169

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las complicaciones mamarias relacionadas con la lactancia materna suelen aparecer entre el primer y el décimo día posparto, las cuales pueden provocar lesiones en la salud de la mujer y en el destete precoz. Por lo tanto, la acción de la enfermera frente a estas condiciones es de gran importancia social. Objetivo: Comprender la actuación de enfermería ante complicaciones mamarias relacionadas con la lactancia materna. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, realizado con 17 enfermeras que trabajan en las 29 Unidades de Salud de la Familia del municipio de Porto Seguro, Bahía, Brasil, en el período de febrero a junio de 2021. Como técnica de recolección de datos, se utilizó la entrevista guiada por un guion semiestructurado. Los datos empíricos se analizaron mediante el análisis de contenido temático propuesto por Bardin. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos tras el análisis fueron interpretados y apoyados en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, que permitió la construcción de la categoría: Praxis de las enfermeras frente a las complicaciones mamarias. La categoría demostró que el conocimiento de las enfermeras sobre las complicaciones mamarias es insuficiente para anclar la práctica del cuidado. Conclusión: El conocimiento de las enfermeras sobre las complicaciones mamarias relacionadas con la lactancia materna demostró ser insuficiente para ofrecer prácticas asistenciales eficaces y actualizadas, necesarias para una actuación adecuada y que favorezcan el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna durante el tratamiento, por lo que se requiere educación permanente sobre el tema.


Introduction: Breast complications related to breastfeeding usually appear between the first and tenth postpartum day. They may appear with lesions to women's health and early weaning. Therefore, the nurse's action in the face of these conditions is of great social importance. Objective: To understand the nursing action in the face of breast complications related to breastfeeding. Methods: A descriptive study with a qualitative approach and based on the social representations theory was conducted with 17 nurses working in the 29 family health units of Porto Seguro Municipality, Bahia State, Brazil, in the period from February to June 2021. The used data collection technique was the interview guided by a semistructured script. The empirical data were analyzed using the thematic content analysis proposed by Bardin. Results: The results obtained after the analysis were interpreted and supported by the social representations theory, which allowed the construction of the category praxis of nurses in the face of breast complications. The category showed that the nurses' knowledge about breast complications is insufficient to anchor the practice of care. Conclusion: The nurses' knowledge about breast complications related to breastfeeding proved to be inept to offer effective and updated care practices, necessary for an adequate performance and favoring the maintenance of breastfeeding during treatment; therefore, permanent education on the subject is required.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Diseases/complications , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Nursing Care/methods , Maternal and Child Health
2.
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1521291

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the association between individual and socioeconomic factors during the first thousand days of the child's life and the occurrence of risk behaviors for the development of malocclusions. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study. A sample of 655 6-year-old schoolchildren and families was included. Interviews with mothers were performed at home. The dependent variables were risk behaviors to the development of malocclusions. Independent variables were socioeconomic conditions, aspects of gestation, birth and health of the child up to two years of age. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed through Poisson regression. Results: Maternal education of less than eight years was independently associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding until the fourth month (PR=1.58 CI 95%; 1.07; 2.37). Occupation of the mother with income [PR=1.26; 1.02; 1.56)], occupation of the father without income [PR=1.46 (1.01; 2.14)] were associated fwith interruption of breastfeeding until the sixth month. Pregnancy in adolescence [PR=0.83 (0.70; 0.98)] and nursery attendance [PR=1.15 (1.02; 1.28)] were associated with bottle use. Nursery attendance [PR=1.27 (1.01; 1.59)], hospitalization in the first 29 days of life [PR=1.34 (1.01; 1.80)], occurrence of reflux [PR=1.30 (1.01; 1.70)] were associated with pacifier using. Conclusion: Variables related to the period of the first thousand days of life are associated with higher risk behaviors for the occurrence of malocclusions.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Orthodontics , Child Development , Child Health , Risk Factors , Malocclusion , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Multivariate Analysis , Longitudinal Studies , Prevalence Ratio
3.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. (B.Aires) ; 37(87): 79-85, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551407

ABSTRACT

La Caries de la Infancia Temprana (CIT) se ha descrito como una patología de origen multifactorial en niños hasta los 71 meses de edad. Se considera como Ca-ries de la Infancia Temprana Severa (CITS) cuando a los 3 años el índice ceod es ≥ 4; a los 4 años, ≥ 5, y a los 5 años ≥ 6. La rehabilitación de las lesiones provo-cadas por esta patología puede ser compleja debido a la calidad y cantidad de estructura remanente y a la edad de los pacientes afectados. Objetivos: Estimar la frecuencia de CIT y CITS en niños menores a 72 me-ses que concurrieron para su atención, e identificar el tipo de práctica realizada, y la adhesión al trata-miento. Métodos: Diseño retrospectivo observacional sobre las historias clínicas de pacientes menores a 72 meses asistidos por los cursantes de la Especiali-zación en Odontopediatría, entre febrero 2021 y julio 2022. Resultados: La muestra quedó constituida por 101 niños, de 46+13,5 meses. El 91% presentó CITS. La totalidad de los pacientes mantuvieron lactancia nocturna prolongada después del año, siendo en el 72,3% a libre demanda durante el sueño, en un perío-do de 23+6 meses. Se registró un total de 1010 lesio-nes de caries. El 29,3% de los pacientes abandonaron el tratamiento. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los niños presentaron Caries de la Infancia Temprana Severa, con altos valores de patología y lactancia noc-turna prolongada a libre demanda después del año Los tratamientos recomendados en estos casos son muy prolongados y requieren de prácticas invasivas, complejas y de alto costo, lo que provoca el abandono del tratamiento (AU)


Early childhood caries (ECC) is defined as a multifactorial disease in children 71 months of age or younger. When the dmft index is ≥4 (age 3), ≥5 (age 4), or ≥6 (age 5) it is referred to as Severe early childhood caries (SECC). Management of ECC is complex due to the quality and quantity of remaining structure of teeth at an early age. Objectives: To estimate the frequency of ECC and SECC in children < 72 months of age undergoing comprehensive treatment, to identify the type of treatment provided and treatment compliance. Methods: Retrospective observational design on dental records of patients under 72 months of age treated by Pediatric Dentistry Specialty Program students between February 2021 and July 2022. Results: The sample included 101 children, mean age 46+13.5 months, 91% of patients with SECC. All patients were fed nightly for over 1 year, 72.3% of whom were fed nightly on demand over a period of 23±6 months. A total of 1010 caries lesions were detected. 29.3% of children discontinued treatment. Conclusions: Most of the children presented severe early childhood caries with high values of pathology and prolonged nocturnal breastfeeding on demand after one year. The recommended treatments in these cases are very long and require invasive, complex and expensive practices, which causes abandonment of the treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Tooth, Deciduous/injuries , Dental Care for Children/methods , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Schools, Dental/statistics & numerical data , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Lactation , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Dental Caries/therapy , Treatment Adherence and Compliance
4.
Acta Paul. Enferm. (Online) ; 35: eAPE01367, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1402910

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Identificar intervenções baseadas em evidências científicas eficazes para o tratamento de trauma mamilar decorrente da amamentação. Métodos Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE®/PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, Web of Science, Cochrane e Lilacs, entre agosto e setembro de 2020. Foram utilizados os descritores nipple* AND wound and injuries OR trauma AND therapeutic OR treatment AND breastfeeding (Mamilo* e ferida e lesões ou trauma e terapêutica ou tratamento e amamentação). Os critérios de elegibilidade foram: estudos de intervenção, sem restrição de idioma e tempo, texto completo e que não abordassem trauma mamilar não relacionado à amamentação. Foram consideradas intervenções eficazes aquelas com desfecho positivo para reparação tecidual e/ou dor. As buscas foram em pares, e a qualidade dos ensaios foi avaliada pela escala Jadad e pelo Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados A amostra final foi de sete artigos, encontrados nas bases de dados Cinahl, Web of Science e Scopus. As intervenções eficazes encontradas envolveram: pomada de camomila, uso de lanolina altamente purificada, fotobiomodulação com laser de baixa potência, mel, mil-folhas e leite materno. Cada intervenção encontrada foi usada em situações e de maneiras diferentes, que devem ser consideradas para a prática clínica. Orientações sobre a pega estiveram presentes em associação com a maioria das intervenções eficazes. Conclusão As intervenções evidenciadas podem contribuir para diminuir as dificuldades na amamentação, na redução da dor e na reparação tecidual das lesões.


Resumen Objetivo Identificar intervenciones con base en evidencias científicas eficaces para el tratamiento de trauma mamilar resultante de la lactancia. Métodos Revisión sistemática realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE®/PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, Web of Science, Cochrane y Lilacs, entre agosto y septiembre de 2020. Se utilizaron los descriptores nipple* AND wound and injuries OR trauma AND therapeutic OR treatment AND breastfeeding (pezón* y herida y lesiones o trauma y terapéutica o tratamiento y lactancia). Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron: estudios de intervención, sin restricción de idioma y tiempo, con texto completo y que no trataran trauma del pezón no relacionado a la lactancia. Se consideraron intervenciones eficaces las que presentaron desenlace positivo para la reparación de los tejidos y del dolor. Las búsquedas se hicieron por pares y la calidad de los ensayos se evaluó a través de la escala Jadad y por el Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados La muestra final estuvo formada por siete artículos, encontrados en las bases de datos Cinahl, Web of Science y Scopus. Las intervenciones eficaces encontradas contuvieron: pomada de camomila, uso de lanolina altamente purificada, fotobiomodulación con láser de baja potencia, miel, milenrama y leche materna. Cada intervención encontrada fue usada en situaciones y de maneras distintas, que deben ser consideradas para la práctica clínica. Orientaciones sobre la prendida estuvieron presentes junto con la mayoría de las intervenciones eficaces. Conclusión Las intervenciones evidenciadas pueden contribuir para reducir las dificultades de la lactancia y el dolor, y para reparar los tejidos de las lesiones.


Abstract Objective To identify interventions based on effective scientific evidence for treating nipple trauma due to breastfeeding. Methods This is a systematic review, carried out in the MEDLINE®/PubMed®, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and LILACS databases, between August and September 2020. The descriptors nipple* AND wound and injuries OR trauma AND therapeutic OR treatment AND breastfeeding were used. Intervention studies, without language and time restriction, full text and that did not address nipple trauma not related to breastfeeding were included. Effective interventions were considered those with positive outcome for tissue repair and/or pain. The searches were in pairs, and the quality of the trials was assessed by the Jadad scale and by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Results The final sample was composed of seven articles, found in the CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The effective interventions found involved chamomile ointment, use of highly purified lanolin, low-level laser photobiomodulation, honey, millefeuille and breast milk. Each intervention found was used in different situations and in different ways, which should be considered for clinical practice. Guidance on the handle was present in association with most effective interventions. Conclusion The interventions evidenced may contribute to reduce difficulties in breastfeeding, in the reduction of pain and injury tissue repair.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Wounds and Injuries/therapy , Breast Feeding , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Women's Health , Nipples , Infant
5.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 37(2): e3559, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF, CUMED | ID: biblio-1347408

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La lactancia materna es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, no obstante, el porcentaje de neonatos que reciben lactancia materna exclusiva a nivel mundial en los últimos años ha disminuido. Objetivo: Describir los cuidados de enfermería que fortalecen la lactancia materna en los neonatos atendidos en alojamiento conjunto y cuidados intermedios. Métodos: Estudio de tipo cualitativo, descriptivo, con diseño exploratorio fundamentado en la teoría de Swanson y Kolcaba. Se realizó en el área de alojamiento conjunto y cuidados intermedios del Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo, durante el 2018. Participaron 15 enfermeras asistenciales e internas de enfermería. La recolección de datos fue no aleatoria, a través de la entrevista. Se realizó el análisis del discurso, después de la transcripción literal de entrevistas. Resultados: Se identificaron dos categorías: "Asegurando el cuidado de la lactancia materna" y "Promoviendo el compromiso con la familia y la institución". Conclusiones: Los cuidados de enfermería consisten en identificar necesidades de cuidado, facilitar la lactancia mediante el confort, apoyo y educación a la madre. Asimismo, radica en el compromiso con la lactancia, a través de la continuidad del amamantamiento, con la consideración de creencias; fomento de la participación de familia e institución y la aplicación de normas vigentes que fortalezcan la lactancia materna(AU)


Introduction: Breastfeeding is a public health concern worldwide. However, the percentage of newborns worldwide who are exclusively breastfed has decreased in recent years. Objective: To describe the nursing cares that strengthen breastfeeding in neonates attended in joint accommodation and intermediate care. Methods: Qualitative and descriptive study with an exploratory design based on Swanson's and Kolcaba's theory. It was carried out during 2018, in the joint accommodation and intermediate care areas of Regional Teaching Hospital of Trujillo. Fifteen care nurses and nursing interns participated. Data collection was nonrandom and carried out using the interview. Discourse analysis was carried out after literal transcription of the interviews. Results: Two categories were identified: "Ensuring care for breastfeeding" and "Promoting commitment to the family and the institution". Conclusions: Nursing cares consist in identifying care needs, facilitating breastfeeding through comfort, support and education for the mother. Likewise, it lies in the commitment to breastfeeding, through continuity of breastfeeding, with the consideration of beliefs; as well as promotion of family and institutional involvement and the application of current norms that strengthen breastfeeding(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Nursing Care/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Data Collection , Health Services Needs and Demand
6.
Online braz. j. nurs. (Online) ; 20: e20216508, 05 maio 2021. ilus
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1284571

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar na literatura científica a aplicação da laserterapia de baixa intensidade no tratamento de traumas mamilares em puérperas. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. O levantamento das publicações ocorreu no período de setembro a novembro de 2020, utilizando os descritores "low-level light therapy" e "laser therapy", além da palavra-chave: "nipple trauma", nas bases de dados da PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopuse Web of Science.Após a leitura e análise dos artigos, 3 artigos foram selecionados para a amostra final. RESULTADOS: Os dados analisados compuseram dois eixos temáticos denominados: "Uso da laserterapia no alívio da dor mamilar" e "Uso da laserterapia na cicatrização de fissuras mamilares". CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação da laserterapia resultou na diminuição da dor e boa regeneração tecidual mamilar, contribuindo para manutenção do aleitamento materno.


OBJECTIVE: To identify in the scientific literature the application of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of nipple traumas in puerperal women. METHOD: This is an integrative literature review.The survey of publications took place from September to November2020, using the descriptors "low-level light therapy" and "laser therapy", in addition to the keyword"nipple trauma", in the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases.After reading and analyzing the articles, 3 were selected for the finalsample. RESULTS: The analyzed data composed two thematic axes, namely: "The use of laser therapy for nipple pain relief" and "The use of laser therapy in the healing of nipple fissures". CONCLUSION: The application of laser therapy resulted in pain reduction and in good nipple tissue regeneration, contributing to the maintenance of breastfeeding.


OBJETIVO: Identificar en la literatura científica la aplicación de laserterapia de baja intensidad en el tratamiento del traumatismo del pezón en mujeres posparto. MÉTODO: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura. El levantamiento de publicaciones se realizó de septiembre a noviembre de 2020, utilizando los descriptores "low-level light therapy" y "laser therapy", además de la palabra clave: "nipple trauma", en las bases de datos de PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus y Web of Science. Después de leer y analizar los artículos, se seleccionaron 3 artículos para la muestra final. RESULTADOS: Los datos analizados comprendieron dos ejes temáticos denominados: "Uso de laserterapia para aliviar el dolor del pezón" y "Uso de laserterapia para la cicatrización de las grietas del pezón". CONCLUSIÓN: La aplicación de laserterapia dio como resultado una disminución del dolor y una buena regeneración del tejido del pezón, contribuyendo al mantenimiento de la lactancia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Diseases/radiotherapy , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Low-Level Light Therapy , Postpartum Period , Nipples/injuries , Wound Healing/radiation effects , Breast Diseases/etiology , Mastodynia/radiotherapy
7.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 21(1): 151-159, Jan.-Mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250680

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to measure the micro-cost of local laser therapy (LL) and transcutaneous laser therapy application by Irradiation Laser Intravascular of Blood (ILIB) to treat nipple trauma and compare the most effective and efficient alternative treatment. Methods: a cross-sectional analytical and quantitative study with analysis on the micro absorption cost, implemented as a clipping, from a randomized clinical trial that used two types of laser therapy to treat nipple trauma due to breastfeeding. The sample consisted of 101 nipple lesions. Patients were randomized into three groups (Control - CG, Local Laser -LLG and ILIB-ILIBG). Materials used, direct labor (DL) and laser equipment were predictors of costs. The delta calculation (effect size) was the indicator for measuring effectiveness and efficiency. Results: after three sessions, the average final cost was R$ 40.04for CG, R$ 53.55for LLG and R$ 67.29for ILIBG. After three sessions of treatment, ILIBG showed a great reduction in the lesion area, but with a higher cost (p<0.05). Conclusions: ILIBG had a better effect on healing the nipple trauma when compared to CG and LLG, even though it is more expensive, it suggests a positive cost-benefit and the most effective and efficient alternative treatment.


Resumo Objetivos: mensurar o microcusteio da aplicação de Laserterapia Local (LL) e trans-cutânea por Irradiation Laser Intravascular of Blood (ILIB) no tratamento de traumas mamilares e comparar a alternativa de tratamento mais eficaz e eficiente. Métodos: estudo transversal analítico do tipo quantitativo com análise de microcusteio de procedimento por absorção, implementado como recorte, de um ensaio clínico rando-mizado que utilizou duas modalidades de laserterapia para tratamento de traumas mamilares ocasionados pela amamentação. A amostra foi composta de 101 lesões mamilares. As pacientes foram aleatorizadas em três grupos (Controle - GG, Laser Local - GLL e ILIB -GILIB). Foram preditores de custos os materiais consumidos, Mão de obra Direta (MoD) e o equipamentos de laser O cálculo Delta (tamanho do efeito) foi o indicador para a medida da eficácia e eficiência. Resultados: após três sessões, a média do custo final foi de R$ 40,04 para o GC, R$ 53,55 para o GLL e R$ 67,29 para o GILIB. Após três sessões de tratamento, GILIB apresentou maior redução da área da lesão, contudo custo mais elevado (p<0,05). Conclusão: o GILIB teve efeito melhor na cicatrização dos traumas mamilares quando comparado com o GC e GLL, mesmo sendo mais caro sugere um custo benefício positivo e a alternativa de tratamento mais eficaz eficiente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome , Costs and Cost Analysis , Low-Level Light Therapy/instrumentation , Nipples/injuries , Cross-Sectional Studies
8.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 39: e2020076, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155479

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of breastfeeding (BF) and the association between occurrence/duration of BF and overweight/obesity in schoolchildren aged 7-14 years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in 2012-2013, on schoolchildren aged 7-14 years from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Weight and height were measured according to procedures of the World Health Organization. Breastfeeding and sociodemographic data were obtained from a questionnaire responded by parents/guardians. BF was categorized as a dichotomous variable (yes/no) and according to duration (months). Nutritional status was evaluated according to the Z score of the body mass index per age for sex and it was categorized into two groups: normal weight (<Z score+1) and overweight/obesity (≥Z score+1). The adjusted analysis was performed by logistic regression in two age strata (age groups of 7-10 and 11-14 years). Results: 6.6% of schoolchildren had never breastfed; 16.8% had been breastfed for ≤3 months; 16.7%, for 4-6 months; and 59.9%, for ≥7 months. No statistically significant differences were found in the occurrence and duration of BF between the age groups. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 34.2%. For age groups (7-10 and 11-14 years), the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 36.7% and 29.8%, respectively. Chance of overweight/obesity for the age group of 7-10 years was lower among schoolchildren who were breastfed (OR=0.54; 95%CI 0.33-0.88), when compared with those who never breastfed. When categorized, the chance of overweight/obesity in the age group of 7-10 years was lower for duration of BF ≤3 months (OR=0.41; 95%CI 0.20-0.83), and 4-6 months (OR=0.48; 95%CI 0.28-0.82) when compared with children who never breastfed. Conclusions: BF for at least six months was associated with a lower chance of overweight/obesity for schoolchildren aged 7-10 years. No association was found for schoolchildren aged 11-14 years.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar prevalência e duração de aleitamento materno (AM) e sua associação com sobrepeso/obesidade em escolares de 7-14 anos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado em 2012-2013, com escolares de 7-14 anos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Peso e altura foram mensurados segundo preconizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Dados sociodemográficos e sobre AM foram obtidos por questionários enviados aos responsáveis/cuidadores. A variável amamentação foi analisada como dicotômica (sim/não) e por duração (em meses). O perfil antropométrico foi avaliado por escore Z do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para a idade, segundo sexo, categorizado em: normal (<escore Z+1) e sobrepreso/obesidade (≥escore Z+1). Análises ajustadas foram realizadas (regressão logística) em dois estratos etários (7-10 e 11-14 anos). Resultados: 6,6% dos escolares nunca tinham sido amamentados, 16,8% foram amamentados por ≤3 meses, 16,7% por 4-6 meses e 59,9% por ≥7 meses. Não houve diferença estatística de ocorrência/duração de AM entre os grupos etários. A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade foi 34,2%. Nos grupos etários (7-10 e 11-14 anos), a prevalência foi 36,7% e 29,8%, respectivamente. A chance de sobrepeso/obesidade nos escolares de 7-10 anos foi menor entre aqueles que tinham sido amamentados (OR=0,54; IC95% 0,33-0,88), comparando com os nunca amamentados. Quando categorizada, a chance de ter sobrepeso/obesidade nos escolares de 7-10 anos foi menor quando a duração do AM foi ≤3 meses (OR=0,41; IC95% 0,20-0,83) e 4-6 meses (OR=0,48; IC95% 0,28-0,82), em comparação à ausência de AM. Conclusões: AM por pelo menos seis meses foi associado com menor chance de sobrepeso/obesidade para escolares de 7-10 anos. Não foi observada associação para o grupo 11-14 anos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Nutritional Status/physiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Time Factors , Body Height/physiology , Body Weight/physiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics & numerical data , Overweight/etiology , Child Nutrition Sciences/statistics & numerical data , Mothers/statistics & numerical data , Obesity/etiology
9.
Arq. odontol ; 57: 253-259, jan.-dez. 2021. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1352601

ABSTRACT

Case report: This article presents the case of an 11-year-old patient who sought orthodontic treatment, complaining of crooked teeth. In anamnesis, an emotional and physical dependence was reported regarding the act of breastfeeding. Considerations on the diagnosis, psychological implications, and clinical approach in this rare case were addressed. An orthodontic treatment and myofunctional therapy were performed to resolve the occlusal and functional aspects of the patient. Psychological therapy for the child and her mother was required to handle emotional sequelae. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary treatment was prescribed. Dentists should be aware of this need in cases of patients with special characteristics for treatment beyond oral problems. In orthodontics, this may be the difference between effective treatment outcomes or not.


Relato de caso: Este artigo apresenta o caso de uma paciente de 11 anos que procurou tratamento ortodôntico com queixa de "dentes tortos". Na anamnese, foi relatada dependência emocional e física da criança em relação ao ato de amamentar. Considerações sobre diagnóstico, implicações psicológicas, abordagem clínica neste raro caso foram abordadas. Foi realizado tratamento ortodôntico e terapia miofuncional para resolução dos aspectos oclusais e funcionais do paciente. Um acompanhamento psicológico para crianças e sua mãe foi necessária para abordar sequelas emocionais inerentes. Conclusão: Um tratamento multiprofissional foi instituído e o dentista deve estar atento a essa necessidade nos casos de pacientes com características especiais, visando uma abordagem além dos problemas bucais. Na Ortodontia, essa pode ser a diferença entre os resultados eficazes do tratamento ou não.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Orthodontics, Corrective , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Deglutition Disorders/therapy , Myofunctional Therapy , Malocclusion/psychology , Dental Care for Children , Dental Occlusion , Mother-Child Relations
10.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2021. 140 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390860

ABSTRACT

A colonização inicial da microbiota humana é de suma importância, desempenhando um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento imunológico, nutricional, metabólico e neurológico. Recémnascidos prematuros e de baixo peso muitas vezes precisam permanecer internados em unidades de terapia intensiva e frequentemente a dieta enteral trófica é limitada, devido à imaturidade do sistema digestivo ou estado clínico do recém-nascido. Nesse contexto, a amamentação é importante para o desenvolvimento do recém-nascido e para a colonização inicial do trato gastrointestinal. Além disso, a administração de colostro como imunoterapia oral já foi descrita como uma terapia segura, viável e bem tolerável por recém-nascidos. Sendo assim, este projeto avaliou o efeito da administração de leite materno, seja através da dieta ou colostroterapia, no desenvolvimento da microbiota oral e intestinal de recém-nascidos prematuros. Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal e observacional, onde foram recrutados 20 neonatos prematuros para a análise da microbiota oral e 56 para a análise da microbiota intestinal. Foram coletadas amostras de saliva e fezes dos neonatos, e leite materno das mães destes neonatos, e realizado sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA destas amostras, além da dosagem de imunoglobulina A (IgA) nas fezes dos recém-nascidos. Para análise estatística, foi utilizado o software SPSS e R Studio, adotando significância de 5% para os testes. O leite materno de mães de recém-nascidos prematuros apresenta composição que muda ao longo do tempo, com aumento de Staphylococcus e Streptococcus e diminuição de Corynebacterium 1. A colostroterapia possui efeito benéfico sobre a microbiota oral, com aumento de gêneros como Staphylococcus, Bifidobacterium e Bacteroides. Adicionalmente, existe diferença na microbiota intestinal quando diferentes proporções de leite materno são oferecidas durante a primeira semana de vida, além de maiores níveis de IgA total nas amostras de fezes de neonatos que receberam maiores proporções de leite materno


The initial colonization of the human microbiota is of paramount importance, playing a fundamental role in immunological, nutritional, metabolic, and neurological development. Premature and low-birth-weight newborns often need to remain hospitalized in intensive care units and often enteral trophic diet is limited due to the immaturity of the digestive system or the newborn's clinical status. In this context, breastfeeding is important for the newborn's development and for the initial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, the administration of colostrum as oral immunotherapy has been described as a safe, viable and well-tolerable therapy for newborns. Therefore, this project evaluated the effect of administering breast milk, either through diet or administration of colostrum, on the development of the oral and intestinal microbiota of preterm newborns. A longitudinal and observational study was carried out, where 20 premature neonates were recruited for the analysis of the oral microbiota and 56 for the analysis of the intestinal microbiota. Samples of saliva and feces were collected from the newborns, and breast milk from the mothers of these newborns, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed from these samples, in addition to the dosage of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the feces of the newborns. For statistical analysis, SPSS and R Studio software were used, adopting a significance of 5% for the tests. Breast milk from mothers of premature newborns has a composition that changes over time, with an increase in Staphylococcus and Streptococcus and a decrease in Corynebacterium 1. Administration of colostrum has a beneficial effect on the oral microbiota, with an increase in genera such as Staphylococcus, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. Additionally, there is a difference in the intestinal microbiota when different proportions of breast milk are offered during the first week of life, in addition to higher levels of total IgA in stool samples from newborns who received higher proportions of breast mil


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature/growth & development , Colostrum , Growth and Development , Microbiota , Milk, Human , Milk, Human/metabolism , Bifidobacterium/classification , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Gastrointestinal Microbiome
11.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 36(4): e3913, tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1280299

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La leche materna es el mejor seguro de vida para niños menores de seis meses, pero los alimentados exclusivamente con esta leche no llegan al 40 %, razón para promover la lactancia materna. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del cuidado enfermero basado en la teoría de Kristen Swanson en el conocimiento y aceptación de la práctica de la lactancia materna en madres primigestas. Métodos: Investigación cuasi experimental, con pre-test, post-test, en el servicio maternidad y alojamiento conjunto del Hospital Augusto Hernández Mendoza-ESSALUD-ICA, Perú, durante 2016. Universo de 30 primigestas. Información obtenida de las variables cuidado enfermero, nivel de conocimientos y aceptación de la práctica de lactancia materna, con encuesta y lista de chequeo, la intervención consistió en aplicar a las madres cuidados de enfermería basados en Modelo de Kristen Swanson. La información se procesó con distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas, porcentaje, media, desviación típica, varianza, valor mínimo y máximo, la asociación entre variables se obtuvo con las pruebas no paramétrica de Wilcoxon y McNemar, con regla de decisión: Si p ≤ 8804; 0,05 se rechaza Ho. Resultados: El conocimiento de las madres sobre lactancia materna cambió entre las mediciones antes y después de la intervención (z = -5,203, p < 0,05). La proporción de madres que no acepta la lactancia materna disminuyó de 30 por ciento en la medición antes de la intervención a 6,66 por ciento después de la intervención. Conclusión: La aplicación del cuidado de enfermería basado en el modelo de Kristen Swanson fue efectivo en la mejora del conocimiento y aceptación de la práctica de la lactancia materna de las madres primigestas estudiadas(AU)


Introduction: Breast milk is the best life insurance for children under six months, but those fed exclusively with this milk do not reach 40 percent, a reason to promote breastfeeding. Objective: To evaluate the effect of nursing care based on Kristen Swanson's theory on the knowledge and acceptance of the practice of breastfeeding in first-time mothers. Methods: Quasi-experimental research, with pre-test, post-test, in the maternity service and joint accommodation of the Augusto Hernández Mendoza-ESSALUD-ICA hospital, Peru, during 2016. Universe 30 primiparas. Iinformation obtained from the variables of nursing care, level of knowledge and acceptance of breastfeeding practice, with a survey and checklist, the intervention consisted of applying nursing care based on the Kristen Swanson Model to mothers. The information was processed with distributions of absolute frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, variance, minimum and maximum value, the association between variables was obtained with the non-parametric tests of Wilcoxon and McNemar. with decision rule: If p ≤ 0.05, Ho is rejected. Results: Mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding changed between measurements before and after the intervention (z = -5.203, p < 0.05). The proportion of mothers who do not accept breastfeeding decreased from 30.00 percent in the measurement before to 6.66 percent after the intervention. Conclusion: The application of nursing care based on the model of Kristen Swanson was effective in improving the knowledge and acceptance of the practice of breastfeeding in the first-time mothers studied(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Adult , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Knowledge , Infant Care/methods , Nursing Care/methods , Parenting
12.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 57(2): e1416, abr.-jun. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126501

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Varios son los factores descritos en la literatura como determinantes en la génesis de la caries dental en edad temprana. Sin embargo, el papel de la lactancia materna como factor protector sigue siendo un tema controvertido. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgos implicados en la génesis de la caries dental en edad temprana y los efectos de la lactancia materna. Métodos: Estudio caso-control con un total de 80 pacientes entre 3 y 8 años de edad, 35 con caries dental y 45 controles sanos, procedentes de la provincia de Valencia, España, seleccionados bajo un modelo no probabilístico. Se analizaron variables relacionadas con lactancia materna y variables vinculadas a características sociodemográficas y hábitos de alimentación e higiene. Para el análisis de las variables cuantitativas se utilizó la media aritmética y la desviación estándar como medidas de centralidad. Las variables cualitativas se describieron por sus frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Para el estudio de factores asociados al desarrollo de la caries dental se utilizó la prueba de chi cuadrado y la estimación de riesgo (odds ratio). Resultados: No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa con las variables relacionadas con la lactancia materna. Pudo establecerse relación entre la aparición de caries dental y nivel de estudios materno (OR= 4,17) y paterno (OR= 4,87), consumo de azúcares diario (OR= 4), madre fumadora (OR=4,23) y edad gestacional (mayor incidencia en los pretérmino). Conclusiones: La lactancia materna es un factor protector para la producción de caries dental en el niño, aunque el estudio no pudo establecer dicha relación. Los factores más importantes relacionados con la aparición de caries en la muestra de estudio fueron: edad gestacional, nivel educativo de los padres, madre fumadora y consumo de azúcares diario(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Several factors are described in the literature as determinant in the genesis of early childhood dental caries. However, the role of breastfeeding as a protective factor continues to be a controversial subject. Objective: Determine the risk factors involved in the genesis of early childhood dental caries and the effects of breastfeeding. Methods: A case-control study was conducted of a total 80 patients aged 3-8 years, 35 with dental caries and 45 healthy controls, from the province of Valencia, Spain, selected by nonprobability sampling. The variables analyzed had to do with breastfeeding, sociodemographic characteristics, and eating and hygiene habits. Analysis of quantitative variables was based on arithmetic mean and standard deviation as measures of centrality. Qualitative variables were described in terms of their absolute and relative frequencies. Factors associated to dental caries development were examined with chi-square and odds ratio testing. Results: No statistically significant relationship was found between the variables analyzed and breastfeeding. A relationship could be established between the emergence of dental caries and the educational level of the mother (OR= 4.17) and the father (OR= 4.87), daily sugar intake (OR= 4), smoking mother (OR= 4.23) and gestational age (a greater incidence in preterm deliveries). Conclusions: Breastfeeding is a protective factor against childhood dental caries, though the study could not establish that relationship. The most important factors related to the emergence of dental caries in the study sample were gestational age, educational level of parents, smoking mother and daily sugar intake(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Protective Factors , Case-Control Studies , Gestational Age , Sugars
13.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 36(1): e3112, tab
Article in Portuguese | CUMED, LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1280231

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O Puerpério é uma fase na qual acontecem manifestações involutivas, locais ou sistêmicas, ao estado pré-gravídico. Nesse período ocorre o processo da amamentação. Porém, a amamentação pode ser ineficaz quando ocorre a insatisfação ou dificuldade que a mãe, bebê ou criança tem nesse processo. Objetivo: Identificar o diagnóstico de enfermagem "Amamentação ineficaz" em puérperas cadastradas e acompanhadas em Unidade Básica de Saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado no período de janeiro a abril de 2016, em Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município Vitória de Santo Antão. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de uma entrevista estruturada com questões sobre a presença ou ausência de Fatores Relacionados e Características Definidoras do diagnóstico em estudo. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente e foi aplicado o teste exato de Fisher para verificar a associação entre as variáveis. Resultados: O diagnóstico esteve presente em 40,00 porcento das puérperas, 22 (73,30 porcento) estavam no puerpério tardio, oito (26,60 porcento) no imediato e nenhuma no remoto. Entre os 13 fatores de risco do diagnóstico Amamentação ineficaz, quatro apresentaram significância com o diagnóstico. E entre as 16 características definidoras relacionadas ao diagnóstico, três apresentaram significância estatística. Conclusões: Os indicadores clínicos mais significantes permitem ao enfermeiro a identificação do diagnóstico em puérperas, com a finalidade de promover estratégias para a realização de um aleitamento materno de maneira eficaz(AU)


El puerperio es una fase en la cual acontecen manifestaciones involutivas, locales o sistémicas al estado pregravídico. En ese período ocurre el proceso de la lactancia. Sin embargo, la lactancia puede ser ineficaz si la madre o el bebé tienen insatisfacción o dificultad en ese proceso. Objetivo: Identificar el diagnóstico enfermero "lactancia ineficaz" en puérperas catastradas y acompañadas en Unidad Básica de Salud. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado en el período de enero a abril de 2016, en Unidades Básicas de Salud de Vitória de Santo Antão. La recolección de datos se realizó por medio de una entrevista estructurada con preguntas sobre la presencia o ausencia de factores relacionados y características definidoras del diagnóstico en estudio. Los datos fueron analizados cuantitativamente y se aplicó la prueba exacta de Fisher para verificar la asociación entre las variables. Resultados: El diagnóstico estuvo presente en el 40 por ciento de las puérperas, donde 22 (73,30 por ciento) estaban en el puerperio tardío, 8 (26,60 por ciento) en el inmediato y ninguna en el remoto. Entre los 13 factores relacionados del diagnóstico lactancia ineficaz, 4 presentaron significancia con el diagnóstico. Y entre las 16 características definidoras relacionadas con el diagnóstico, 3 presentaron significancia estadística. Conclusiones: Los indicadores clínicos más significativos permiten al enfermero la identificación del diagnóstico en el posparto, con la finalidad de promover estrategias para la realización de una lactancia materna de manera eficaz(AU)


Introduction: The puerperium is a phase in which involutionary, local or systemic manifestations occur with respect to the pregravid state. During this period, the breastfeeding process occurs. However, breastfeeding may be ineffective if the mother or baby has dissatisfaction or difficulty in that process. Objective: To identify the nursing diagnosis known as "ineffective breastfeeding" in puerperal women registered and accompanied in the basic health unit. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out in the period from January to April 2016, in basic health units of Vitória de Santo Antão. Data collection was carried out through a structured interview, with questions about the presence or absence of related factors and defining characteristics of the diagnosis under study. The data were quantitatively analyzed and Fisher's exact test was applied to verify the association between the variables. Results: The diagnosis was present in 40 percent of the puerperal women, where 22 (73.30 percent) were in the late puerperium, 8 (26.60 percent) were in the immediate puerperium, and none were in the remote puerperium. Among the 13 related factors of the diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding, four presented some significance with the diagnosis, and among the 16 defining characteristics related to the diagnosis, three presented some statistical significance. Conclusions: The most significant clinical indicators allow the nurse to identify the diagnosis in the postpartum period, in order to promote strategies for the effective realization of breastfeeding(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Primary Health Care/methods , Nursing Diagnosis/methods , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Postpartum Period , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection/methods
14.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 66(4): 541-546, 2020.
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136228

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE These recommendations aim to provide guidance on breastfeeding for mothers with suspected or confirmed Covid-19. METHODS We performed a review of the recent medical literature on breastfeeding mothers with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, focusing on the neonatal period. RESULTS We analyzed 20 recent publications on breastfeeding, Covid-19, and its transmission through breastmilk. We presented possible options for breastfeeding and their consequences for the mother and the child. CONCLUSION All maternal decisions in relation to breastfeeding are justifiable since the infection by Covid-19 is still poorly known. However, puerperal women and their families must be very well informed to make a conscious choice based on the information available in the literature so far.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Estas recomendações têm como objetivo orientar o aleitamento materno de mães com Covid-19 suspeita ou confirmada. MÉTODO Foi realizada revisão da literatura médica recente sobre aleitamento materno de mães com Covid-19 suspeita ou confirmada, focando o período neonatal. RESULTADOS Foram analisadas 20 publicações recentes sobre aleitamento materno, Covid-19 e sua transmissão pelo leite. Foram apresentadas as possíveis opções maternas em relação ao aleitamento e suas consequências para o binômio mãe-filho. CONCLUSÃO Todas as opções maternas em relação à amamentação são justificáveis, porque a infecção por Covid-19 ainda é pouco conhecida. Porém, as puérperas e seus familiares devem ser muito bem orientados, realizando uma opção consciente e baseada nas informações disponíveis na literatura até o momento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Breast Feeding/psychology , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Pandemics/prevention & control , Breast Milk Expression , Betacoronavirus , Mothers/psychology
15.
Rev. pediatr. electrón ; 17(2): 28-38, 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1140048

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones respiratorias agudas y la nutrición tienen un doble vínculo, porque ante una mala alimentación y desnutrición el niño tiene más probabilidades de contraer dichas infecciones respiratorias. Si no se presta la adecuada atención a la alimentación de los niños, las infecciones respiratorias producen déficit en el crecimiento y desarrollo del niño, pérdida de peso y desnutrición en un niño originalmente bien nutrido. Por tal motivo, se realizó una investigación para estudiar la relación entre el tipo de lactancia y la incidencia de infecciones respiratorias en niños menores de 2 años en la unidad de emergencia Pediátrica del Hospital Ruiz y Páez en los meses de febrero a abril del año 2020, fue un estudio de campo, analítico, de corte transversal, comparativo de casos y controles no experimentales, conformada por el 30% de los niños menores de 2 años con diagnóstico de infección respiratoria atendidos en dicha institución. Las Infecciones respiratorias entre los niños que consumen lactancia exclusiva y lactancia artificial, se registraron 16 casos de laringotraqueobronquitis donde 5 correspondían a pacientes con lactancia exclusiva y 11 a lactancia artificial, seguido de 15 casos de neumonía donde 7 casos pertenecían al grupo de lactancia exclusiva y 8 a lactancia artificial, por otro lado se diagnosticaron 14 casos de bronquiolitis donde 5 casos pertenecían al grupo de lactancia materna y 9 casos a lactancia artificial, por último se registraron 2 casos de tuberculosis en los pacientes con lactancia artificial.


Acute respiratory infections and nutrition have a double link, because in the face of poor diet and malnutrition the child is more likely to contract these respiratory infections. If proper attention is not paid to children's nutrition, respiratory infections lead to deficits in the child's growth and development, weight loss, and malnutrition in an originally well-nourished child. For this reason, an investigation was carried out to study the relationship between the type of lactation and the incidence of respiratory infections in children under 2 years of age in the Pediatric emergency unit of the Ruiz y Páez Hospital in the months of February to April of the year 2020. , was a cross-sectional, analytical, cross-sectional, comparative study of cases and non-experimental controls, made up of 30% of children under 2 years of age with a diagnosis of respiratory infection treated at said institution. Respiratory infections among children consuming exclusive breastfeeding and artificial breastfeeding, 16 cases of laryngotracheobronchitis were registered where 5 corresponded to patients with exclusive breastfeeding and 11 to artificial lactation, followed by 15 cases of pneumonia where 7 cases belonged to the exclusive breastfeeding group and 8 to artificial lactation, on the other hand, 14 cases of bronchiolitis were diagnosed where 5 cases belonged to the breastfeeding group and 9 cases to artificial lactation, lastly, 2 cases of tuberculosis were registered in patients with artificial lactation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adult , Young Adult , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
16.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(5): 1153-1160, Sep.-Oct. 2019.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1042121

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore factors that interact and shape the meaning and experience of mothers of HIV-exposed children in relation to replacing breastfeeding by infant formula. Method: A qualitative study was carried out with 23 mothers living with HIV, whose children were up to 18 months of age and under follow-up in a specialized care service. Symbolic Interactionism, semi-structured interviews and content analysis were adopted as theoretical framework. Results: The social symbols of breastfeeding, the (un)availability of the milk formula and the (lack of)support of health professionals influenced the mothers' experience with formula feeding. Social, cultural and economic constraints have proved capable of undermining the conditions necessary for the replacement of breastfeeding. Final considerations: The availability of infant formula, access to lactation inhibitor and quality of health services still represent challenges to eradicate new HIV infections in children.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Explorar los factores que interactúan y moldean el significado y la experiencia de madres de niños expuestos al VIH en relación a la sustitución de la lactancia por una fórmula láctea infantil. Método: Estudio cualitativo, con 23 madres viviendo con VIH, cuyos hijos tenían hasta 18 meses de edad y estaban bajo seguimiento en servicio de asistencia especializada. Se adoptaron el Interaccionismo Simbólico como referencial teórico, entrevistas semiestructuradas y el análisis de contenido. Resultados: Los símbolos sociales de la lactancia, la (in) disponibilidad de la fórmula láctea y el (des) apoyo de los profesionales de la salud influenciaron a la experiencia de las madres con la alimentación por una fórmula láctea. Los cercos sociales, culturales y económicos se mostraron capaces de perjudicar las condiciones necesarias para la sustitución de la lactancia materna. Consideraciones finales: La disponibilidad de la fórmula láctea infantil, el acceso al inhibidor de la lactancia y la calidad de los servicios de salud todavía representan desafíos para eliminar nuevas infecciones por el VIH en niños.


RESUMO Objetivo: Explorar os fatores que interagem e moldam o significado e a experiência de mães de crianças expostas ao HIV em relação à substituição do aleitamento por fórmula láctea infantil. Método: Estudo qualitativo, com 23 mães vivendo com HIV, cujos filhos tinham até 18 meses de idade e estavam sob acompanhamento em serviço de assistência especializado. Foram adotados o Interacionismo Simbólico como referencial teórico, entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os símbolos sociais da amamentação, a (in)disponibilidade da fórmula láctea e o (des)apoio dos profissionais de saúde influenciaram a experiência das mães com a alimentação por fórmula láctea. Cerceamentos sociais, culturais e econômicos mostraram-se capazes de prejudicar as condições necessárias para a substituição do aleitamento materno. Considerações finais: A disponibilidade da fórmula láctea infantil, o acesso ao inibidor de lactação e a qualidade dos serviços de saúde ainda representam desafios para eliminar novas infecções pelo HIV em crianças.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Adult , Breast Feeding/psychology , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/psychology , Infant Formula/standards , Mothers/psychology , Brazil , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Qualitative Research , Maternal Behavior/psychology , Mothers/statistics & numerical data
17.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 35(2): e00041018, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039414

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar a conformidade entre as recomendações de uso de medicamentos antidepressivos durante a amamentação, presentes em bulas, e as recomendações de fontes bibliográficas baseadas em evidências científicas. Foram avaliadas as bulas padrão de 23 antidepressivos com registro ativo no Brasil. A presença de contraindicação do uso do antidepressivo durante a amamentação foi comparada com as informações presentes no manual técnico do Ministério da Saúde, no livro Medications and Mothers' Milk e nas bases de dados LactMed, Micromedex e UpToDate. Na maioria das bulas (62,5%), o antidepressivo é contraindicado na amamentação. Entre as fontes bibliográficas, esse percentual variou de 0% a 25%. O estudo aponta para baixa conformidade entre bulas e fontes bibliográficas, alertando sobre a necessidade de revisão do conteúdo e forma de apresentação das informações presentes nas bulas dos antidepressivos no Brasil.


This article sought to evaluate the conformity between recommendations regarding antidepressant use during breastfeeding found in drug package inserts with recommendations from science-based bibliographic sources. We evaluated the standard drug package inserts of 23 antidepressants with active registration in Brazil. The presence of contraindications of antidepressant use during breastfeeding was compared with information present in the Brazilian Ministry of Health technical manual, the book Medications and Mothers' Milk and on the databases LactMed, Micromedex and UpToDate. In most drug package inserts (62.5%), antidepressants are contraindicated during breastfeeding. Among bibliographical sources, that percentage varied between 0% and 25%. The study shows a low conformity between drug package inserts and bibliographical sources, alerting to the need for revising the content and presentation of information present in antidepressant drug package inserts in Brazil.


El objetivo de este artículo fue evaluar la conformidad entre las recomendaciones de uso de medicamentos antidepresivos durante la lactancia, presentes en prospectos, y las recomendaciones de fuentes bibliográficas, basadas en evidencias científicas. Se evaluaron los prospectos estándar de 23 antidepresivos con registro activo en Brasil. La presencia de contraindicaciones en el consumo de antidepresivos durante la lactancia se comparó con la información presente en el manual técnico del Ministerio de la Salud, en el libro Medications and Mothers' Milk, y en las bases de datos LactMed, Micromedex y UpToDate. En la mayoría de los prospectos (62,5%), el antidepresivo está contraindicado durante la lactancia. Entre las fuentes bibliográficas el porcentaje varió de 0% a 25%. El estudio señala la escasa conformidad entre prospectos y fuentes bibliográficas, alertando sobre la necesidad de revisión del contenido, así como de la forma de presentación de la información que aparece en los prospectos de los antidepresivos en Brasil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Evidence-Based Medicine , Drug Industry/standards , Drug Labeling/standards , Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Brazil , Lactation/metabolism , Risk Factors , Drug Monitoring , Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Drug Information Services/standards , Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage
18.
Rev. Cient. CRO-RJ (Online) ; 3(3): 70-74, Sept.-Dec. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1022113

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion traits altogether and separate in anterior open bite, accentuated overjet and posterior cross-bite, and the possible association between them and sucking habits and breastfeeding. Methods : A preschool-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 472 children aged 24-60 months and their parents (response rate 86.6%). Three trained dentists (Kappa > 0.70) examine children for anterior open bite, accentuated overjet and posterior cross-bite and parents answered a questionnaire indicating the presence of breastfeeding, bottle usage, pacifier usage, finger sucking and the length of usage of all these habits. Results : The prevalence of malocclusion traits was 38.8%, Accentuated overjet was the most prevalent (30.3%) followed by posterior cross-bite (8.9%) and anterior open bite (7.4%). The unadjusted Poisson regression showed that children who were not breastfed had 63.0% more prevalent malocclusion traits when compared with those who were breastfed (RP 1.63, 95%CI 1.06-2.50). Length of pacifier usage in months was the only habit remained in the adjusted model associated with anterior open bite (RP 1.10, 95%CI 1.05-1.14, p < 0.000) and accentuated overjet (RP 1.03, 95%CI 1.01- .05, p = 0.004). For posterior cross-bite none habit showed association in the adjusted model. All models were adjusted for age and sex. Conclusion : Accentuated overjet is the most prevalent malocclusion trait. Length of pacifier usage is associated with the presence of malocclusion traits, anterior open bite and accentuated overjet. None of the investigated habits is associated with posterior cross-bite.


Objetivo: O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência de maloclusões avaliadas em conjunto e separadamente em mordida aberta anterior, sobressaliência acentuada e mordida cruzada posterior, e a possível associação entre elas e os hábitos de sucção e amamentação. Métodos : Estudo transversal foi realizado com 472 pré- escolares de 24 a 60 meses e seus pais (taxa de resposta de 86,6%). Três dentistas treinados (Kappa > 0,70) examinaram as crianças para mordida aberta anterior, sobressaliência acentuada e mordida cruzada posterior e os pais responderam a um questionário indicando a presença de amamentação, uso de mamadeira, uso de chupeta, sucção de dedo e tempo de hábito. Resultados : A prevalência de maloclusões foi de 38,8%. A sobressaliência acentuada foi o mais prevalente (30,3%), seguido da mordida cruzada posterior (8,9%) e da mordida aberta anterior (7,4%). A regressão de Poisson não ajustada mostrou que as crianças que não foram amamentadas apresentaram 63,0% maior prevalência de maloclusão quando comparadas com aquelas que foram amamentadas (RP 1,63, IC95% 1,06-2,50). A duração do uso de chupeta em meses foi o único hábito que permaneceu no modelo ajustado associado à mordida aberta anterior (RP 1,10, IC 95% 1,05-1,14, p < 0,000) e sobressaliência acentuada (RP 1,03, IC 95% 1,01- 1,05, p = 0,004). Para mordida cruzada posterior nenhum hábito mostrou associação no modelo ajustado. Todos os modelos foram ajustados por idade e sexo. Conclusão : A sobressaliência acentuada é a maloclusão mais prevalente. O tempo do uso de chupeta está associado à presença de maloclusão, mordida aberta anterior e sobressaliência acentuada. Nenhum dos hábitos investigados está associado à mordida cruzada posterior.


Subject(s)
Malocclusion , Orthodontics , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Child, Preschool , Open Bite , Pacifiers/adverse effects , Fingersucking/adverse effects
19.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 40(11): 664-672, Nov. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-977800

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To compare two different treatments—the use of highly purified anhydrous (HPA) lanolin and expressed breast milk—for women with pain and nipple trauma during the breastfeeding process. Method A total of 180 puerperal women were randomly assigned to 2 groups: one was treated with HPA lanolin and the other with their own expressed breast milk. All of the participants received the same breastfeeding technique instructions and therapeutic care standard. Three assessments were performed: at the time of inclusion in the study (after randomization); after 48 hours; and after 7 days. At each interval, data was collected in relation to pain and trauma. A numerical/verbal category scale was used for the pain variable, and the nipple trauma score for the trauma variable. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the chi-squared test, the Fisher exact test, the student t-test, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Generalized estimating equations were calculated using the STATA 12 statistical software package (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) and IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Results There was pain improvement from the second to the third assessment in the group that used HPA lanolin, while the pain remained unchanged between these two periods (p< 0.001) in the breast milk group. In terms of trauma, improvement was identified in its extension and depth from the first to the third assessment, and it was higher in the HPA lanolin group than in the breast milk group (p= 0.025). Conclusion The treatment of pain and nipple trauma with HPA lanolin achieved better results than the one with breast milk, based on a 7-day treatment period.


Resumo Objetivo Comparar dois tratamentos distintos—o uso de lanolina anidra altamente purificada (HPA, na sigla em inglês) e o próprio leite materno—para mulheres com dor e trauma mamilar durante o processo de amamentação. Métodos Participaram do estudo 180 puérperas randomizadas para 2 grupos: um utilizou tratamento com lanolina HPA e o outro o próprio leite materno. Todas receberam a mesma orientação quanto à técnica de amamentação e rigor terapêutico e foram avaliadas em três momentos: na inclusão no estudo (após a randomização), em 48 horas e em 7 dias. Em todos os momentos, foram colhidos dados em relação à dor e ao trauma. Para a variável dor, utilizou-se escala de categoria numérica/nerbal e, para a variável trauma, a pontuação de traumas mamilares. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram: Qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher, t de Student, e Kolmogorov-Smirnov, sendo que os modelos de equações de estimação generalizadas foram calculados por meio dos pacotes STATA 12 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, EUA) e IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Versão 20.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, EUA). Resultados Houve melhora da dor da segunda para a terceira avaliação no grupo que utilizou a lanolina HPA, enquanto que no grupo que usou leite materno a dor permaneceu inalterada entre esses dois momentos (p< 0,001). Quanto ao trauma, foi identificada melhora em sua extensão e profundidade, da primeira para a terceira avaliação, e a melhora foi maior no grupo tratado com lanolina HPA do que no grupo tratado com leite materno (p= 0,025). Conclusão O tratamento da dor e do trauma mamilar com lanolina HPA teve melhor resultado comparado com o leite materno, com base em um período de tratamento de 7 dias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Pain Management/methods , Lanolin/therapeutic use , Milk, Human , Nipples/injuries , Pain/etiology , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Middle Aged
20.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 17(4): 630-640, jul.-ago. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-978557

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La alimentación inadecuada en la etapa neonatal se asocia con la aparición de enfermedades metabólicas en períodos ontogenéticos posteriores. Objetivo: Asociar la lactancia materna y el destete con el sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes de la Unidad Educativa César Dávila Andrade, Cuenca, Ecuador, en el período de octubre de 2016 a marzo de 2017. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo durante el período noviembre 2016 a enero 2017 en el Cantón Cuenca, provincia Azuay, Ecuador. El muestreo probabilístico por conglomerados de iguales proporciones seleccionó 137 niños y adolescentes entre 5 y 18 años de edad. Se aplicó un cuestionario que recogió datos sociodemográficos, de lactancia materna y destete. Se realizaron mediciones de peso y talla, y el cálculo del índice de Masa Corporal. Se procesaron los datos mediante estadística descriptiva (media y desviación estándar), inferencial (Prueba T y X2) y correlaciones bivariada (X2, odds ratio) y multivariada (regresión logística binaria) mediante SPSS 23.0. Resultados: La lactancia materna por menos de 6 meses, la introducción de alimentos de manera temprana y la actividad física leve incrementan el riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en más de 3 veces cada una en niños y adolescentes. Conclusiones: La lactancia materna y el destete están asociadas al sobrepeso y obesidad desde etapas tempranas del desarrollo humano. El valor explicativo que tienen en niños y adolescentes es relevante, y sugiere su empleo en programas educativos y preventivos en salud(AU)


Introduction: Inadequate feeding in the neonatal stage is associated with the appearance of metabolic diseases in further ontogenetic periods. Objective: To associate breastfeeding and weaning with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in the Educational Unit César Dávila Andrade in the Cuenca region, Ecuador, from October 2016 to March 2017. Material and Methods: A descriptive, associative, and empirical study was conducted during the period of November 2016 - January 2017 in Cuenca, province of Azuay, Ecuador. The probability sampling by conglomerates of equal proportions selected 137 children and adolescents from 5 to 18 years of age. A questionnaire that collected sociodemographic data about breastfeeding and weaning was applied. Measurements of weight and height were made, as well as the calculation of the Body Mass Index. The data were processed by descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation); inferential statistics (T Test, X2); bivariate correlations (X2, odds ratio), and binary logistic regression, using SPSS 23.0. Results: Breastfeeding for less than six months, the introduction of food at an early stage of the life, and mild physical activity are factors that increase the risk of overweight and obesity more than 3 times in children and adolescents. Conclusions: Breastfeeding and weaning are associated with overweight and obesity from early stages of human development. The explanatory value that children and adolescents have is relevant, suggesting its implementation in educational and preventive health programs(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Infant Nutrition Disorders/metabolism , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Metabolism/physiology , Motor Activity , Weaning , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Ecuador , Observational Study
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